The Value of Product Testing Essay -- Business Market Research

Based upon 30 years of marketingresearch experience, spanningthousands of research projects,I am convinced that point of intersection testingis the single near valuable marketingresearch that most companiesever do. The great value of reapingtesting is, perhaps, best illustratedby some of its many uses. It can beused to Achieve production superiority overcompetitive products. Continuously improve product procedure and customersatisfaction (i.e., to maintainproduct superiority, curiously asconsumer tastes evolve overtime). Monitor the potential threat levelsposed by competitive products tounderstand competitive strengthsand weaknesses. Cost-reduce product formulationsand/or processing methods, durationmaintaining product superiority. Measure the effects of aging uponproduct quality (shelf-lifestudies). Implicitly measure the effects ofprice, brand name, or packagingupon perceived product performance/quality. Provide guidance to researchand development in creating newproducts or u pgrading existingproducts. Monitor product quality fromdifferent factories, throughdifferent conduct of distribution,and from year to year. Predict consumer acceptance ofnew products.Companies committed to rigorousproduct testing and continuousproduct improvement can, inmost instances, achieve productsuperiority over their competitors.Product superiority, in turn, helpsstrengthen brand share, magnifiesthe positive effects of all marketingactivities (advertising, promotion,selling, etc.), and often allows thesuperior product to command apremium price relative to competitors.Most companies, unfortunately,do very little product testing.Few companies really u... ...he structureand mechanics of execution will transfer greatly from product categoryto product category. For example,computer software can be tested,furniture can be tested, store environmentscan be tested, chase foodcan be tested, airline service can betested, equipment prototypes canbe tested, etc.Competitive AdvantageThe ultimate benefit of producttesting is competitive advantage.Product superiority is the surestway to dominate a product categoryor an industry. Companiesdedicated to ongoing product improvementand product testing canachieve product superiority, andachieve a competitive advantage ofgreat strategic significance.Companies that ignore productimprovement and product testing,on the other hand, may wakeup one morning to find themselveson the brink of extinction from acompetitor who has built a correctmousetrap.

SEINFELD :: essays research papers

SEINFELD THE UNTOLD STORYThroughout Seinfelds eight-season stint on network television the show and its creators consider stereotyped e reallything from young Puerto Rican boys to Jewish Priests. The main stereotype of this sit-com is the very florid portrayal of the generational age groups of the characters. The main characters represent the beginning of the Generation X culture. The parents and relatives of Jerry Seinfeld and that of George Costanza present the presence of the members of the Silent or GI generation. Throughout the television series we select seen the elderly as stereotypically helpless individuals with little or no purpose. The characters Jerry Seinfeld, George Costanza, Elaine Benes, and Cosmo Kramer, represent the Generation X culture. These half-witted characters are often unreliable and uncaring about the society they live in. These characters often cope about nothing more about life foreign their own. The stereotype of these characters and the success of this very popular television show have contributed to the medias large-minded usage of stereotyping generations. The article, My Inner Shrimp, can be directly correlated to Georges eccentric ego trips with his problems with shortness, unemployment, and baldness. Georges character is often portrayed as a very loud, very rambunctious person who is often seeking to be on top.Elderly Helpless or NotThroughout the series we have seen the elderly characters of Seinfeld often being absent minded, senile, and often helpless. Jerrys parents upon retirement moved to the sunny state of Florida to b pick out in their retirement. This proves to be a very common nomenclature among senior citizens. Throughout the race many retired citizens have been moving eagerly across the country spending their hard earned specie and moving to much more appealing climates. Throughout the show Jerrys parents often try to impose money upon him even though he never request any money from his parents. Mr. and Mr s. Seinfeld often believe that Jerry is living a life of poverty and that he lives a very inadequate life. Throughout our nation the elderly have often saved and saved countless dollars so that they may have a better life and provide their children with the sustenance they compulsion to live a very adequate life. Mr. and Mrs. Costanza are often portrayed as very senile individuals. Georges parents often tend to exaggerate things outside the spectrum they should really include. One certain episode can attribute to there senility. During the Seinfelds visit of New York to see their son Jerry, the Costanzas graciously ask the Seinfelds to accompany them to dinner at their home.

Comparing Platos Republic, Mores Utopia, and Gurneys Dinotopia Essay

Platos Republic, Mores Utopia, and Gurneys Dinotopia Throughout history, mankind has struggled to lead better lives and improve their nightclub for future generations. What do we incessantly attempt to improve? What kind of changes are we trying to institute? In some other words, what is an ideal society? Many plurality have very alter views about a perfect civilization. In Platos Republic, Sir Thomas Mores Utopia, and James Gurneys Dinotopia, ternary imaginary societies are described, each with its own peculiarities and highlights. Various aspects of the nations described in these three novels, including their respective economies, governances, and social structures, will be compared and contrasted. A crucial aspect of any society would be its economy. In Utopia, business was conducted chiefly to import iron, and in many cases they traded on credit. The Utopians have no currency, though they trade their goods for gold in order to pay mercenaries in times of war. If one is in bespeak of something, one merely has to inform the head of ones household and he will get it. Their society is arranged so that they reject many material things that our society would consider valuable, such as silver and diamonds. The Utopians fail to understand why anyone should be so fascinated by the dull gleam of a fine bit of stone, when he has all the stars in the sky to look at - or how anyone can be silly enough to think himself better than other people, because his clothes are made of finer woolen thread than theirs (More 89). To minimize the importance of these materials, Utopians make everyday objects out of them, like chamber pots. In Dinotopia, people are given what they require, much like Utopia, although the... ...h political and financial equality, forming the foundation for everlasting peace. This ideal society would be ruled by a government that truly represents the people and endeavors to direct its citizens on the route to life, lib erty, and the pursuit of happiness. As Sir Francis Bacon said, Man seeketh in society comfort, use, and protection. Works Cited Ferguson, John. Utopias of the Classical World. Ithaca, NY Cornell UP, 1975. Manuel, Frank E. and Fritzie P. Manuel. Utopian estimate in the Western World. Cambridge, MA Belknap-Harvard Press, 1979. More, Thomas. Utopia. Trans. Paul Turner. New York Penguin Books, 1965. Plato. Republic. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis Hackett Publishing, 1974. Rice, Eugene E. and Anthony Grafton. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559. 2nd. ed. New York W. W. Norton and Co., 1994.

The Dangers of Living with an Eating Disorder Essay -- Health Eating D

The Dangers of Living with an Eating DisorderImagine waking up every morning, struggling to get come forth of bed. The room spins. Stumbling over to the mirror, you study and criticize every last inch of your body as the words fat, ugly, worthless echo in your head.You then dole out to the bathroom, using the wall to hold you up. You dont remember the last time you ate a normal meal. Stepping on the scale will charm your mood for the day. If it has decreased since yesterday, you have succeeded if it has stayed the same, or worse, gone up, those voices inside your head become stronger, telling you how useless you are. Throughout your day, you skip meals and avoid food at all costs, or binge on whatever food is in sight and secretly purge in bathrooms where nobody can hear you. Or like many women in this country, you flip-flop between both of these behaviors.For approximately seven million American women, this is their reality. This is the life of a woman with an eating disorder.I needed to lose weightfast, said 18-year-old Liss of Boston. So I started counting calories, and then counting meals, and then counting pounds, and then inches. I had lost 20 pounds in one month. Not too shabby I thought to myself. The weight loss became an obsession and it took over.Lisss story is all too common. What begins as a diet to lose a few pounds becomes an obsession. Young women across the country become fixated with numbers on the scale, numbers of calories, fat, carbohydrates, inches, etc. The two or so dangerous eating disorders are bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Bulimia is characterized as a disorder in which a person binges on large amounts of food, well preceding(a) the point of fullness, and then purge... ...r because they feel as if their eating disorder defines them they are nothing without it. Ed wants you to think that he is your identity, Schaefer said. But that is a lie you are not your eating disorder. You are you. He tells you that he is what makes you special.Schaefer admits that she also believed that her eating disorder defined her at one point in her life as well. However, she then went on to learn that all it caused was excruciating pain. Treating my eating disorder like relationship, not a condition or an illness, really worked for me, Schaefer said.Schaefer also suggests daybook writing and being surrounded with good supports.In recovery, it was difficult to connect with Jenni at first, Schaefer said. But with lots of patience and persistence, I eventually found her, and I am thrilled to now be living a life without Ed.

Writing Your IEP :: essays research papers

Writing Your IEP1. Youll need several sheets of clean paper, and a pencil or pen. (If you like using a computer, thats fine, too. So is a tape recorder You can also have a friend take notes for you.)2. Start by describing your disability.What is your disability called?&61623 How does your disability affect you in enlighten and at home? (For example, what things in school be harder because of your disability?)&61623 What do you remember is important for others to know some your disability?&61623 If your arent sure what to say, guess about what the students on the tape had to say. How did they describe their disabilities?3. Look at your old IEP goal and objectives. Do you think you have met those goals and objectives? (This means you can do the things listed there.) edit a check next to the goals and objectives you have met.4. What goals or objectives have you not met? Write these down on paper. They may be important to include in your new IEP.5. What are your strengths and need s in individually segmentation or subject? Make a list. This can be hard to do. Here are some suggestions to service of process you&61623 Start with clean sheets of paper. Title one sheet Strengths and another sheet Needs.&61623 Ask yourself the questions between the lines below (called Ask yourself). These can help you think about your Strengths and Needs. Write your ideas down on your Strengths and Needs worksheets.Hints If youre not sure how to answer a question, look at the examples given. Also, think about what the students on the tape had to say. How did they describe their strengths and needs? What accommodations did they ask for? What did they say they needed to work on in school?6. Show your old IEP to your parents and your teachers. Do they think you have met these goals? What gals havent you met? Add their ideas to the list that you started in Step 4 above.7. Ask your teacher what they believe your strengths and needs are in each class or subject. Write their ideas dow n.8. Develop new goals and objectives for this year, using the list of strenghts and need you and your parents and teacher developed.9. Describe the accommodations you may need in each class to meet these new goals and objectives. (See the list of accommodations.)10. Think about your plans for the future what youll do after youve finished high school.

Galileo Galilei :: Biography Biographies

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei was born at Pisa on the 18th of February in 1564. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, belonged to a noble family and had gained some distinction as a musician and a mathematician. At an early age, Galileo manifested his ability to learn both mathematical and mechanical types of things, but his p bents, wishing to turn him aside from studies which promised no self-coloured return, steered him toward some sort of medical profession. But this had no effect on Galileo. During his youth he was allowed to follow the path that he wished to. Although in the popular discernment Galileo is remembered chiefly as an astronomer, however, the science of mechanics and dynamics pretty much owe their existence to his findings. Before he was twenty, observation of the oscillations of a swinging lamp in the cathedral of Pisa led him to the discovery of the isochronism of the pendulum, which theory he utilized fifty years later in the construction of an astronomical clock. In 1588, an essay on the center of gravity in solids obtained for him the title of the Archimedes of his time, and secured him a teaching spot in the University of Pisa. During the years immediately following, taking advantage of the celebrated leaning tower, he laid the foundation experimentally of the theory of falling bodies and demonstrated the falsity of the peripatetic maxim, which is that an objects rate of descent is proportional to its weight. When he challenged this it made all of the pursuit of Aristotle extremely angry, they would not except the fact that their leader could have been wrong. Galileo, in result of this and other troubles, found it prudent to quit Pisa and move to Florence, the original sept of his family. In Florence he was nominated by the Venetian Senate in 1592 to the chair of mathematics in the University of Padua, which he occupied for eighteen years, with ever-increasing fame. After that he was name philosopher and mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. During the whole of this period, and to the close of his life, his investigation of Nature, in all her fields, was never stopped. Following up his experiments at Pisa with others upon inclined planes, Galileo established the laws of falling bodies as they are still formulated. He likewise demonstrated the laws of projectiles, and largely anticipated the laws of motion as finally established by Newton.

Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do

REFERENCE AND CITATION data formatting FOR THE COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM DR ANDY DONG The Association for calculation Machinery is the pre-eminent professional body dealing in all aspects of information technology. This is a style guide for their reference and credit format. Note that there are virtually slight stylistic differences between the format for the magazine Communications of the ACM (per the style in EndNote) and the ACM conclave proceedings reference format (per the style in the ACM conference proceedings template). This document will describe the Communications of the ACM style.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingIn practice, adherence to a single, consistent style is satisfactory. References Section The References section appears at the finish of the paper. All references appear alphabetically by the lead authors last name and are numbered consecutively. A clear header should be use to indicate the start of the References. Example References 1. Bless, H. The Interpla y of Affect and Cognition. in Forgas, J. P. ed. Feeling and Thinking The Role of Affect in Social Cognition, Maison des Sciences de lHomme and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 201-222. . Garcia, A. C. B. and Howard, H. C. Acquiring design experience through design decision justification. bathetic Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 6 (1). 59-71. Citation As you write your report, you will cite your references. A citation to a reference in the body of the text is indicated by a bracketed number corresponding to the reference number in the References section. Example During high accent mark periods, individuals should focus on the situation-specific tasks rather than rely on general knowledge structures. 1 Reference Formats GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS A complete reference should contain the name(s) of the author(s) and/or editor(s), the title of the article, the name of the book or conference proceedings where appropriate, and bibliographic informa tion about the article such as the name of the publisher, the city of publication, and the foliate numbers. The basic concept is that the reference should be sufficiently complete so that the reader could readily find the reference and can judge the authority and objectivity of the reference.All author names appear as Lastname, Initials. For example, if Andy Dong is the primary author and Alice M. Agogino is the second author, the correct appearance of the author names would be Dong, A. , and Agogino, A. M. THIS IS THE REFERENCE FORMAT FOR A BOOK. Authors. Title. Publisher, City of Publication, Year of Publication. Example 1. Fogg, B. J. Persuasive technology using computers to change what we think and do. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Boston, 2003. THIS IS THE REFERENCE agency FOR AN ARTICLE WHICH APPEARS IN AN EDITED BOOK. Authors. Title. n Editors Title of edited book, Publisher, City of Publication, Year of Publication, Pages. Example 1. Fischer, G. and Nakakoji, K. Amplifying d esigners creativity with domain-oriented design environments. in Dartnall, T. ed. Artificial Intelligence and Creativity An Interdisciplinary Approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994, 343-364. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR A JOURNAL OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE. Authors. Title. Journal or magazine name, Volume (Issue), Pages. Example 1. Hirsh, H. , Coen, M. H. , Mozer, M. C. , Hasha, R. and Flanagan, J.L. Room service, AI-style. IEEE intelligent systems, 14 (2). 8-19. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR A CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. Authors, Title. in Title of conference, (Location of Conference, Year), Publisher, Pages. Example 1. Leclercq, P. and Heylighen, A. 5,8 Analogies per hour A designers view on analogical reasoning. in 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, (Cambridge, UK, 2002), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 285-303. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR ELECTRONIC MEDIA (ARTICLES, IMAGES, ETC. ) RETRIEVED FROM THE WEB.FOLLOW THE REFERENCE FORMAT FOR A J OURNAL ARTICLE AND THEN INCLUDE schooling ABOUT THE WEB SITE AND THE DATE WHEN YOU RETRIEVED THE RESOURCE. NOTE THAT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION AND THE DATE OF RETRIEVAL OF THE ARTICLE MAY NOT BE THE SAME. WHEN THERE IS NO DETERMINATE DATE OF PUBLICATION, USE (N. D. ) IN THE DATE FIELD. WHERE POSSIBLE, INCLUDE THE NAME OF THE ORGANIZATION HOSTING THE WEB SITE. Examples In the interest example, the Cornell Chronicle is a regular newssheet which is published online. Thus, we follow the journal/magazine format and include the volume and issue.Steele, B. Look, Ma, no wires Cornell class project tests wireless networking, Cornell Chronicle, 31 (35). Retrieved February 15, 2004, from Columbia University http//www. news. cornell. edu/Chronicle/00/5. 18. 00/wireless_class. html. The following Web page has no evident author, but the Revised date in the footer gives us the date of publication. MIT Project Oxygen Overview, 2004. Retrieved March 15, 2005, from reckoner Science and Artificial I ntelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology http//oxygen. lcs. mit. edu/Overview. html.

Hospital Administration

caliber rise Programme (Toward Excellence health center for the Community) Excellence health center for the Community) CoH CoH prime(prenominal) good Programme CoH prime(a) is very Sweet for speak, but difficult to implement. superior at Grassroots levels Patient Perspectives because because Qua literaturey is Never Improved without judge facts without accepting facts. Dr. J. L. Meena State Quality Assurance Officer centeringerate of health & FW G overnment of Gujarat Email- emailprotected com Web- www. gujwellness. gov. in/ superior-assurance-program. htm www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena health & Family Welfargon, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. 1 CoH www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welf are, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. 3 CoH Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 5 2 CoH Poor sanitation and cleanliness. very(prenominal) despicable Drainage facility. Poor housekeeping service. Very poor Biomedical waste & infection control practice. No cattle guard. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. Non sterile suction tube & group O mask? Empty Oxygen Cylinders. Instrument with rust & Non sterile. www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Old Scenario of Health Centers. Building maintenance was extremely unsatisfactory Leaking roof, eroded floors, over flowing toilets, broken doors, No patient precaution (Open transformer with Parking facilities. Invite for disaster ? ), No safe drinking water facilities. no employee safety, poor fervor and no ventilation sign. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 4 CoH Un-used shaft & equipments No proper used of instruments Crush Card trolley contained- Comb, Toothpaste, Oil, Glass etc for save the pt. th www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 6 Old Scenario of Health Centers. CoH C oH Very poorly managed end of life No respect to Human body Very worst match of Post Martum Room. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 7 CoH ?Why should we negociate? should we care? ?Is receipts possible? ?What seems to make seems to make a difference? ?Why arent we doing a better job? www. gujhealth. gov. in GOAL Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat field of study Human Right Commission (NHRC Report 1999 NHRC ) Report 1999 CoH D Grade for psychic Hospital Ahmedabad www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat HOW TO ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE IN HEALTH TQM-NABH 9 To develop a health care system based on full quality direction principles (NABH / NABL) and application of information technology to achieve efficiency in operations, faster & standard communication across the state. To enhance the quality of healthcare service by providing specialized treatment and preventive heal thcare at free / affordable cost. MISSION VISION To develop a pool of healthcare professionals in he public health sector trained in the implementation of health care quality standards and information technology to bring productivity and effectiveness in health care delivery system. To be the network of finest Public Healthcare Institutions which providing quality medical care services, preventive, promotive, curative & rehabilitative health care services with the state of art technology, easy accessibility, affordability and equity to the people of Gujarat and beyond. 12 8 ?Health centers is committed to furnish quality healthcare services. ?To raise the treatment as per the national and international standards. To provide treatment with the latest technology. ?To conduct trainings and workshops on regular intervals for skill information of the staffs. ?To improve the quality on continuous basis. ?To improve the quality of treatment as per the patient satisf do survey. www. g ujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Quality Objectives CoH CoH Quality Policy Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 13 ? effectuation of safety and quality practices. ? Incorporation of instruction tools. ? Building sustainability ? Benchmarking the indicators ? Continuous Quality Improvement ? To provide 24X7 quality services to the community. To organize and implement all the national programs. ? To provide right treatment done latest technology. ? To ensure safety of patient & employee. ? To manage Human Resources for enhancing productivity. www. gujhealth. gov. in PRACTICES IMPLEMENTED CoH ? makeup of the committees & give role and responsibility. ? fracture analysis in a standards formats and fulfilled these gaps. ? Patient and employee satisfaction survey ? Clinical protocol & Standard Operation Procedure (SOPs). ? Monitoring of the quality indicators. ? instruction execution of Patient Rights & Responsibilities ? Facility vigilance Practices www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr .J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A fibre Study JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY 15 1 2 national assessment by Quality Assurance Team. Gap analysis and submission of report and Planning for full filling the gaps. 3 Develop the action programme for filled these gaps. Proposed to TSP, NREGA, NRHM, State budget and Vanbandhu for financial requirements to full fill the gaps. 4 role & www. gujhealth. gov. in Cont. Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A Case Study JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY JOURNEY TOWARDS QUALITY 7 8 17 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 14 ? Disaster Preparedness Plan ? Basic transmittal keep in line Practices ? Management of Medication of Medication Code alerts ? Incidence Reporting System RED for FIRE, YELLOW for EXTERNAL ? Hospital Safety Programme CALAMITIES, blue devil for CARDIAC ARREST, ? Patient Information BLACK for BOMB THREAT, ? Inventory Management intercept for CHILD ABDUCTION ? Quality Control & Safety in diagnostics Control Safety in diagnostics 5 Regular training of core team on standards and objective elements. Formation of QA Manual, Policy, Procedure, Forms & Formats and implement. Dr. J. L. MeenaPRACTICES IMPLEMENTED CoH CoH Orientation to Quality & NABH Standards to staffs. Formation of Committees and clarified their responsibility. CoH 16 CoH Fulfilled the Human resource, Infrastructure, equipment, instrument related gaps and Statuary requirements. AMC, Calibration & insurance of the instruments. Internal Quality Control, External Quality Control. Regular Internal audit. Plan, Do, Check & Act (PDCA Cycle for improvement) Application for Pre Assessment. Pre Assessment make by NABH Assessors from Quality Council of India. Fulfilled the Pre assessment gaps and application for final Assessment. Final Assessment done by NABH Assessors from Quality Council of India. Fulfilled the Final a ssessment gaps and accredited by NABH board, Quality Council of India. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 18 CoH CoH Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont) 5 Years Back CoH Today Lack of standards of standards NABH Standards for Health Centers Standards for Health Centers No Gap analysis report in standard format. Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont) 5 Years Back 19 CoH Hygienic, Clean & Green Hospital environment with infection control audit.Recruitment of staff as per workload through RKS and take specialist service outsource. Lack of trained health care staff for emergency (resuscitation) services, patient care service & Healthcare management. No model of internal audits (medical audit, clinical audit & death audit etc). Dr. J. L. Meena Written policies & procedures available. Poor sanitation, cleanliness & infection control practices. Staff shortage so very poor specialist service. www. gujh ealth. gov. in Statutory requirements fulfilled Absence of written policies & procedures. Outcomes.. Gaps identified and addressed. Lack of Statutory requirements (e. . Licenses, Acts, Rules & Certificates). Staff trained in Basic Life Support, Advanced cardiac Lif Ad Life Support, PG QM & AHO, NABH / NABL Assessors & Kaizen. Staff trained as internal auditors, audits conducted to find out non conformances, corrective & preventive measures taken to rectify it Dr. J. L. Meena www. gujhealth. gov. in Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont) Today 5 Years Back All required practices in place No Blood storage, CSSD, no separate OT for Eye & Gynec. , Patients legal tender launch facilities. Gynec Patients attendant launch facilities Blood storage, CSSD, separate OT for Eye & Gynec,Patients attendant launch facilities are available Patients attendant launch facilities are available. Damaged and poor condition of building & Staff Quarters. Repairing & renovation done gynecology No Calibratio n system of Instruments for Quality check. Calibration system of Instruments for Quality check are available. CoH Shortage of equipments and proper ambulances (transport vehicle) . Sufficient equipments and ambulances with regular observe by a responsible person. Lack of accountability & planning. Policy and processes for care of the patients in place Non Implementation of Different Codes in the facilities. Poor signage system.Well developed signage and displays for patient information. Absence of Patient & Employees satisfaction. Established. No measurable parameter for patient safety. Measurable parameters for patient safety are available. No realization of problems and weaknesses. A clear understanding of what is lacking and what needs to be done. No monitoring or reporting of adverse events, needle capture injury, Sentinel events etc. These are being reported and are monitored. Practically non-existent security arrangement approachability of well trained security guards Absen ce of quality standards. Quality standards e. g. medical audit, management f medication, care of patients etc practiced No participation in EQAS/ inter science lab Participation in EQAS / inter laboratory comparison comparisons and achieving good scores in it. Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Journey of Quality Improvement (Cont) 21 5 Years Back BLACK for BOMB THREAT, PINK for CHILD ABDUCTION www. gujhealth. gov. in Today Poor publicity of available services in the villages and in the community. Name of the Facility 3rd Party evaluation & monitoring system by PRI members. All the service which are provide by the healthcare centre are display in the community and emergency ontact fig also display. Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat A Success Story Quality Improvement Programme- Gujarat Team work is available, role and responsibility of all staff is tidy mention. No Evaluation and monitoring system by PRI members (3rd party evaluation). (3 RED for FIRE, YELLOW for EXTERNAL CALAMITIES, BLUE for CARDIAC ARREST, CoH No team work, only individualistic approach rather then team . Unidentified role and responsibility of staffs. Total Facility Under NABH /NABL Total Facility Under NABH /NABL which catering tribal cosmos Total Accredited facilities CoH 23 11 2 Medical college Hospitals 2 0 0 Medical college, Blood banks 0 6 2 5 2 No display of the Right and responsibly of the patients and employees in the facilities. www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 4 2 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 simple Health Centers (PHCs) 29 14 12 6 Community Health Centers (CHCs) right-hand(a) display of Right and responsibly of the patients and employees in the facilities. 2 2 Paraplegia Hospital, Ahmedabad Progress of the referred patient also monitoring by th the health centre on regular basis. ( Bi directional referral service). 6 rational Hospitals Dental Hospitals No responsibility of referred patients . Medical college, LaboratoriesPrope r monitoring of Up time, down time & utilization of the instrument & equipment. 26 11 1 1 NABL Food & Drug Laboratories Total Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 23 22 Total Accredited facilities which catering tribal population District Hospitals No monitoring of Up time & down time of the instruments. 20 Today Inadequate theme for handling biomedical waste and infection control safety practices www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in 2 1 103 45 Dr. J. L. Meena 2 1 28 13 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 24 Indias initiative & 2nd NABH Accredited PHC CoHCoH from Tribal Area from Tribal Area www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Benefits to Patients 25 CoH Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme luxuriously Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujara t 29 Time dawning 9. 00 to 13. 00 Evening 16. 00 to 18. 00 ,, ,, ,, 24 hours ,, ,, ,, ,, 9. 00 to 14. 00 Tuesday & Friday 9. 00 to 16. 00 Daily ( Except holidays) Morning 9AM to 1 PM Evening 4 to 6 PM Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of GujaratProvided baby kits to new born for prevent Infection & hypothermia www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Day Certificates of age, physical fitness and sickness Lab services Homeopathic treatment treatment Indoor services Delivery Emergency services Vehicle for referral Medico legal services MAMTA Clinic ( Immunization, medical check-up, treatment IEC Family planning services for treatment, IEC & Family planning services for expectant mothers, children & adolescent) 11 NSV, Abdominal tubectomy , MTP & Hydrocele operation 12 All National Programme www. gujhealth. gov. in 26 Daily ( Except holidays) ,, ,, ,, Daily ,, ,, ,, ,, Monday OPD Services 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 27 CoH Availability of Services at PHC level 1 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Sr Name of service ?Availability of Health services with High quality of care. ? devote and sincere medical staff ?Access to a quality focused organization ?Rights respected and protected ?Patient Satisfaction evaluated ?Involvement in care process ?Patient safety ?Pain management ?Safe transport ?Continuity of care www. gujhealth. gov. in Indias 1st NABH Accredited CHC Welcoming infrastructure infrastructure Dr. J. L. Meena 28 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 30 Quality Improvement ProgrammeHigh Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme High Quality of Care cont High Quality of Care cont www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Management of Medicine Management of Medicine 31 33 CoH Quality Improvement Programme High Quality of Care cont High Quality of Ca re cont www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 35 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement ProgrammeQualitative Laboratory services Qualitative Laboratory services www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Safety of patients & employees of patients employees www. gujhealth. gov. in 32 CoH Change the Scenario. in the first place www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH 34 CoH afterward Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 36 Change the Scenario. Biomedical waste practice waste practice Before www. gujhealth. gov. in After Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Recreational & skill development www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH Dr. J. L. Meena CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of GujaratOccupational Therapy Unit 37 39 CoH Change the Scenario Safe drinking water drinking water After Before www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of G ujarat Recreational & skill development www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Quality food services to patients attendants Quality food services to patients & attendants 38 40 CoH CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 41 www. gujhealth. gov. in Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 2 Indias 1st NABH Accredited Mental Hospital Vadodara Hospital Vadodara CoH CoH NO. OF DELIVERY AT PHC CoH 44077 45000 41146 585 36867 40000 35000 600 33729 31359 582 586 513 500 30000 400 25000 20000 282 300 15000 200 10000 5000 86 1777 1719 1530 1414 1386 100 0 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 No. of OPD per Year 2011-12 Dr. J. L. Meena www. gujhealth. gov. in 0 2012-13 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 IPD Number per Year Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 43 PHC- Salun, Dist- Kheda www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Adverse Don or Reaction CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 44 CoH bring out of Components CoH 9 59,481 50 45 40 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 60,000 39 54,067 50,000 42,033 32 40,000 25 20 30,000 23,849 20,000 13,820 10,000 0 2008-09 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Blood Bank- Civil Hospital Ahmedabad 2012-13 2008-09 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Specimen Analysis 100000 45 CoH CoH 98 2012-13 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 46 100 105 85 70 80 60000 2011-12 Critical value reporting CoH CoH 100 69010 59897 2010-11 Blood Bank- Civil Hospital Ahmedabad one hundred twenty 88660 78105 80000 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2009-10 60 40000 30522 40 20000 20 0 0 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2009 2010 011 2012 www. gujhealth. gov. in Biochemistry Lab- Sir T Bhavnagar Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 47 www. gujhealth. gov. in Biochemistry Lab- Sir T Bhavnagar Health & Family Welfare, G ovt of Gujarat 48 Benefits to Staff Surgical Site Infection (SSI) CoH CoH ?Professional staff development ?Provides education on laid down standards ?Provides leadership for quality improvement within medicine and nursing ?Increases satisfaction with continuous learning, good working environment, leadership and ownership 0. 59 0. 6 0. 5 0. 35 0. 4 0. 27 0. 3 0. 16 0. 0. 1 0 2009-10 www. gujhealth. gov. in 2010-11 2010 2011-12 2011 Dist Hospital- Gandhinagar 2012-13 2012 Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Managerial / Administrative training to MO / Head. www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Special clinical skill training on minor surgical procedure, obstetrics care, new born care, primary life support and local anesthesia block. www. gujhealth. gov. in 49 Programme implementation training to MO / Head. Dr. J. L. Meena Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH 51 CoH www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. MeenaHealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Professional staff development Induction training to staff at all levels. ll www. gujhealth. gov. in 50 CoH Job based skills training. based skills training. Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Management & Internal size up Training Audit Training 52 CoH Disaster Management Disaster Management Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 53 www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 54 NABH ACCREDITATION AWARD theatrical role BY GOVT. OF GUJARAT & QCI, NEW DELHI www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of GujaratAward for India 1st NABH Accredited Mental Hospital - Hospital for Mental health Vadodara, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Honble Health Minister, regimen of Gujarat 55 Award for NABH Accredited PHC - Primary Health Center Kandolpada, Navsari-Gujarat, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Honble Health Minister, Government of Gujarat Benefits to Hospital CoH ?Improves care care ?Brings in corporate Governance ?Stimulates continuous improvement ?Demonstrates commitment to quality care commitment to quality care ?Raises community confidence ?Opportunity to benchmark with the bestAward for NABH Accredited PHC - Primary Health Center Tankal, Navsari-Gujarat, Govt of Gujarat given by Shri Jaynarayan Vyas, Honble Health Minister, Government of Gujarat www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 60 Main entrance should be easily identifiable, welcoming, well lit and with mattress. CoH CoH PHC Mahuwas, Tribal area PHC www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 61 Quality Improvement Programme Welcoming infrastructure infrastructure CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. MeenaHealth & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme District Hospital Godhara (T ribal area) Hospital Godhara (Tribal area) CHC Bardoli, which catering Tribal Population CoH HMH Ahmedabad presents an excellent example of effective functioning of Boards of avengeors and active matter of NGO sector in patients Care, Capacity building & rehabilitation , and has the potential to become a good center of education and research in Mental Health Field Field. www. gujhealth. gov. in A Grade Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 62 CoH DH Godhara, which catering Tribal Population www. gujhealth. gov. inRemarks of representative of National Human Right Commission (NHRC) now CoH 65 Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Benefits to Community 64 CoH ?Quality revolution ?Disaster preparedness preparedness Epidemics Physical ?Access to comparative database www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 66 All the Services provided by PHC Gadboriad are displayed in all the villages & roadside www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr . J. L. Meena CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Mock drill and training for disaster management management 67 CoH Mock drill and training for disaster anagement management www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement Programme Involvement in National Programme Involvement in National Programme www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena 68 CoH PHC PHC Tankal, Kandolpada & Mahuwas, Navsari 69 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Mock drill and training for disaster management management PHC Tankal, Kandolpada & Mahuwas, Navsari www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena CoH 71 www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat Quality Improvement ProgrammeInvolvement in National Programme Involvement in National Programme www. gujhealth. gov. in 70 CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat 72 Quality Improvement Programme Malnutrition aware ness Malnutrition awareness www. gujhealth. gov. in CoH CoH Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat PRI Monitoring & Evaluation of CHC 73 CoH Quality Improvement Programme AIDS awareness programme AIDS awareness programme www. gujhealth. gov. in Dr. J. L. Meena Health & Family Welfare, Govt of Gujarat National & International Team Visit Niziriya Team Visit CoH 74 CoH Visit by Rajasthan Govt. MLAs with Speaker WHO Team Visit www. gujhealth. gov. in

Environmental Problems

All cities experience environmental problems to a lesser or heavy(p)er degree, usually causing great closure to the developers that attempt to improve the urban environment. The brown agenda that obstructs this includes these issues* Waste* Dereliction* Air contamination* Noise* Water supply* Environmental health* urban ecosystemsWaste products and fantastic disposal* Solids from paper, packaging and toxic waste increase as the numbers and affluence increase* Liquid sewer and industrial waste both rise exponentially* Sewage control in Calcutta, India-during the monsoon season sewage can be seen move deck the side of the street where the drains atomic number 18 insufficient to cope.* Contamination and health hazards from poor systems of disposal, e.g. rat infestation and pissborne diseases* An ensample of an MEDC problem of waste disposal is in the Bronx, s divulgeh of New-York-rubbish continually clutters the streets, estimable like in the squatter settlements in Rio de J aneiro, Brazil.SolutionsSolutions to any problem are made more difficult by the lack of available resources and the sheer home base of the problems faced.* Improved macrocosm awareness- cycle etc, landfill sites, incineration plants and export to other areas (usually MEDC to LEDC)* Development of momentive sewage systems and treatment plants including recycling of brown water for industrial use* Rubbish management-refuse collection, and recycling by in nervous strainal groups or councilsDereliction of land* Can obstruct development- callable to a number of reasons- Toxic leaks that enable a growth of development on the land Unsightly areas-abandoned areas where buildings are in ruins, e.g. C jobo, Egypt, the buildings decline but not resto flushed-leaving them abandoned a huge safety hazard.* Dereliction as well occurs in MEDCs much(prenominal) as in the Bronx, New-York, during the 1970s landlords were burning down their properties to claim insurance money-the buildings are boa rded up and left derelict and impossible to restore-resulting in brown dramatics sites.Solutions* Demolishing the ruins of buildings-and re-building on top.* Toxic leaks are very difficult to tackle-the ground has to be drained of the chemicals and this is a long and expensive process. Brown dramatic art sites are very unattractive to developers-the sites are much more expensive and unpredictable than green-field sites. There is the problem of toxic waste spilling up from the ground.* There are many schemes set up in the UK for demolishing vacant or crumbling buildings-for example in Manchester many tower block houses are demolished for redevelopment.Pollution of air* Major problem in most developing world cities.* The drive to industrialization brings with it inevitable problems, especially as legislation to protect the environment is oftentimes non-existent or rarely enforced.* The hidden economy can add to the levels of pollution as small, unlicensed industries are set up in p eoples homes or on rooftops. These industries release their pollutants into the air, land and water.* Air in Mexico City is so poor that breathing it is like smoking 60 cigarettes a day* Poisonous throttle explosions at Bhapal killed 3300 people and fullly injured 150 000* Photochemical smog formation closely related to urban sprawl* Not arrive atd by art alone-factories, waste, incinerators and power plants produce pollutants, especially were industrial plants are old* Some specialist chemical pollution-dangers of explosions etc* Issued of acid depositionSolutions* Closure of old factories and importation of sweep technology, e.g filters, use of cleaner fuel, not coal or wood* Cars can be fitted with catalytic converters, use of un-leaded petrol* Movement from private transport to public-this is an example of green transport planning. This will go down the release of harmful chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can attach to the red blood cells and constitute serious lun g problems and even death), Nitrogen Oxide etc caused by the factors mentioned.* Pollution levels can likewise be monitored and guidelines be released over the levels of pollution in certain areas.Noise* Rising railroad car ownership-traffic congesting the roads presents a major racquet problem-as the roads get busier and more congested the noise levels soar* Factories and power plants are a huge noise pollutant-especially in old factories-the large machinery is not fitted with silencers and is extremely noisy throughout the majority of the day* Dams and electrical plants, mines etcSolutions* Reduce the amount of traffic on the roads-promote public transport etc* Update the factories with more advanced, quieter, machinery* Promote more energy efficient, quieter, electrical plants- i.e. wind turbines etcWater Supply* Overuse of ground water led to remission and flooding in Bangkok* Cities consume large amounts of water, especially as incomes rise aquifier depletion, ground subsid ence and low flow of rivers* Leaking sewers are likewise a major threat to the water supply-for example the villages of Kanpur or Varansi, India, leak untreated sewage into the Ganga-spreading disease through the villages in India.* The water supply can also become polluted as inadequate sewerage facilities allow the spread of harmful bacteria-can lead to death from water-borne disease-one of the biggest causes of high infant mortality rates.* Lack a clean water supply means that the risks of disease are very high.* Water pollution Untreated sewage from the Ganga from cities such as Kanpur or Varanasi In urban areas, water pollution results from leaking sewers, landfill and industrial waste, including oil and chemicals In some LEDCs, rude pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem In some LEDCs, agricultural pollution from fertilizers and manure is a problem-leaking into the water supplySolutions* Reservoirs* Pipeline constructions (Development of drainage systems and sewe rs)* Desalination of salt water* Water conservation strategies* Control points-regulation etc* Installing sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitation facilities and bathing areas* Building electric powered crematoria to reduce the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting meat-eating(prenominal) turtles in the river to clear up the body re master(prenominal)s* Monitoring river quality to ensure that water quality consistently improves* Promoting organic farming-elimination of chemical fertilizers and pesticides etcEnvironmental health* Air in Mexico City, Mexico, is so poor that breathing it is like smoking 60 cigarettes a day.* Chemicals such as Carbon Monoxide (which can attach to the red blood cells and cause serious lung problems and even death), Nitrogen Oxide etc* Contaminated water can spread diseases such as Cholera etc* These factors reduce the quality of brio and life expectancy, and cause serious health proble ms-restricted breathing and rapid increase of perplexing cancer etcSolutions- see solutions in tackling water contamination/air pollution etcIn conclusion, many problems have been tackled, but throwing technology and capital at them does not instantly solve environmental problems. Recycling for example is not ever a good way of reducing the build up of waste. For example in Manila, Philippines, children scavenge on refuse sites collecting cans for recycling. As well as being unpleasant, the risk of injury is high and any cuts will become infected.Development in urban areas is usually hindered by environmental problems-which take cares to be the wrap up factor to overcome due to the fact that the environment is very un co-operative and many problems are pushed under the carpet as such and the problems increase to un manageable levels-both in LEDCs and MEDCs. However, MEDCs seem to be developed quicker and at more sustainable levels-due to more money in the presidency-more resour ces and grants awarded. LEDCs are developed however, but it takes a lot yearner due to lack of money, resources and usually much more extremes of problems. An example of a LEDC scheme trying to improve urban areas is in India-The Ganga Action Plan-1986 the Indian government launched this to improve the water quality by* Installing sewage treatment plants in the largest river settlements* Providing low-cost sanitation facilities and bathing areas* Building electric powered crematoria to reduce the numbers of bodies being burnt on the river banks* Putting flesh-eating turtles in the river to clear up the body remains* Monitoring river quality to ensure that water quality consistently improves* Educating local people in the need for separation of sewage and house-hold wasteCase Studies that include environmental problemsLEDCsCalcutta, India* Western image is of grease and squalor- people living in cardboard boxes and newspapers on the street or people sitting on the top of buses in a people-jam.* Sewage pouring down the side of the street in the monsoon season.* These grim images of Calcutta reflect the enormous environmental problems faced result of both physical and human factors.Shanty towns- e.g. India etc* The shantytown is apparent to be found on inappropriate land.* Could be prone to flooding or is very steeply sloping, increasing the chances of a landslip.* It could be on a piece of land that has been badly polluted by a neighbouring industry.The shelters made of wood and high population densities increase the risk of fire.Rio de Janeiro, Brazil* 1/3 of the population lives in favelas In favelas, the shortage of utilities is constant all utilities are below standard access. Water is usually accessed by tapping into a water main that runs near the favela. Only about 50% of the people living in favelas have access to an indoor toilet-the sewage then runs through open ditches and ultimately runs up to street level-creating an incredible health hazard.* In cineration of the waste can easily ignite many of the wooden houses and cause people become sick due to the smoke.* Since the city often does not live up to its obligation to haul away the trash, it can build up on street and become a source for disease.Cairo, Egypt* South of the delta* Some squatter settlements* City of the dead-people live in the buildings for the tombs-no water system, sewage system, shops etc in this area-lack of provisions* Very crowded-people living on the roofs* house declines-the buildings crumbling-are not restored* Rubbish, waste, sewage problems* Pollution* Sewage systems broken-floods the streets* Rubbish-Christians recycle the rubbish from the dumps-but Muslims wont due to their religion-Might have pig products thereSolutions* Egyptian and British scheme-water system-pipes set up for sewage all across the county-but slurry is pumped up to the streets from the construction-spreading disease etcMEDCsThe Bronx, New-York* Poor repairs-houses burnt down in 1970s to claim money off the government-landlords used to burn them down* Healthcare-poorer than the white area* Rubbish cluttering up the streets* People living on the streets* Air pollution from the city-the buildings and factories are old-not filter systems-lots of air pollution* Boarded up houses-dereliction-leads to brown field sitesHackney, London, UK* Lifts are smelly etc-people urinate in the lifts* Construction in the flats are failing, the rooms are damp, they are expensive to maintain* Elderly people contract pneumonia from the damp conditions-causes health problems like bronchitisSolutions* Demolishment of the blocks of flats* Rebuilding of flats-cleaner-easier to maintain-CCTV cameras set uphttp//www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/index.htmlEnvironmental worrysWhat is the impact of human activity on the natural environment? Answer creation are a part of the natural environment. Unfortunately, we have not yet learnt to moderate our activities in such a way as to help the environm ent. world activities often lead to degradation of the environment. Impacts of reality include pollution land, freshwater creeks and rivers, seas and oceans, and air deforestation and destruction of habitats endangerment and extinction of flora and fauna species introduction of trespassing(a) and parasitic fauna and flora species to new areas increased desertification of land this often occurs because, when humans try to increase fertile land in one area, they moldiness divert needed resources from another area altering natural waterways which can increase the risk of flooding Interfering with the natural fire cycles of an area (one cause of increased bushfire problems in Australia) overuse of natural resources, resulting in depletion of some of these resources climate flip and the development of extreme weather conditions scientists continue to debate how much humans actually contribute to climate change and/or global warming, but there is evidence that our activities do contr ibute in some part uprising sea levels increased erosion of land as a result of mining or agricultural activities Mining activities not whole can take down the vegetation of the area, but can contribute to instability in the earths crust.There can be some neutral impacts. Native people in many lands lived in harmony with their environment for thousands of years. The Native Americans and Australian Aborigines, for example, used only what they needed, and did not pollute their environment or alter it negatively and permanently. Fortunately, man is learning (a shortsighted too late) that there are activities he can undertake to improve land he has already degraded. This may involve conservation, monitoring of and captive procreation programmed for endangered species restoring degraded ecosystems by planting trees specifically native to the area, and removing introduced species removal of pollutant materials 3.Questions to consider What is the biggest environmental issue the earth faces? Where on the Earth is this issue? Who does this effect? Why it is the biggest issue the Earth faces? What statistics or relevant information is worth knowing about your topic? What future concerns are there? The Biggest Environmental Problem The environmental problem that must be considered as the biggest is the Global warm. Temperature is slowly increasing all over the world. To understand this better it is also important to pardon the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect in a summary Sun settle radiates from the sun, through space, to earths tune.The sunlight enters the atmosphere and hits the earth. Some of it turns to heat energy in the form of infrared light. The heat absorbs by surrounding air and land, which, in turn, makes it warm. Infrared rays that are remitted into the atmosphere get trapped by the greenhouse gases. When the infrared light tries to leave the atmosphere, some of it will be absorbed by the greenhouse gases and is remitted back to the earth. The Infrared light that is remitted back to earth then warms it more. Some of the by nature occurring gasses in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and methane. This is the way the earth keeps itself warm enough for human habitation.The problem is that more and more carbon dioxide are added into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels for power, transportation, and producing mass quantities of goods in factories. As if this were not enough, thousands and thousands of trees are cut down for lumber, making them unable to take carbon dioxide out of the air and replace it with oxygen. One effect of Global Warming would be rising sea levels. If Global Warming rise the temperature at the ice caps, great amounts of ice will melt, letting all the fresh water flow into the ocean. Tons and tons of ice will melt if the temperature rises high enough with the cause of sea levels to dramatically rise. Another effect of Global Warming would be severe weather. A change in temperature would mean a si gnificant change in weather, in many places.As the weather grows warmer and more tropical, so does the weather. Many areas are experiencing changes in the weather as an effect of Global Warming intensifying winds, rains and storms. Not only considering mankind as the victims of the Global Warming also must the animals be considered. Many animals may become endangered or extinct because of the climate change is, that are happening rapidly. Animals will find their homes disappearing when trees are cut down or dead because of drought. Drowning might also be a consequence when animals are over taken by water when rivers and streams rise. This will force people and animals together even more in an overpopulated world.With the fact that the greenhouse effect also will provide drought in certain areas forcing people and animals even more together and with less viands than today. It is very easy to understand that people and animals will starve to death. The Global Warming does not only ha ve a casual effect it also have affects on other things such as inflation. Because of crops being destroyed prices will rise, and in some areas it could mean prices rising so high that only a few would be wealthy enough to buy food. Global Warming also have an effect on the worlds economy and it could mean be that mankind never could dream of. Action must be taken now before it is too late.

Ap European History Frq: Karl Marx vs. Adam Smith

whirl Smiths enormous authority resides, in the end, in the same property that we discover in Marx not in every ideology, but in an effort to see the bottom of things. In both cases their greatness rests on an unflinching confrontation with the human condition as they could best(p) make out. Assess the above quote. What nouss did both men draw upon in order to formulate their ideas? What were their conclusions? Why were their conclusions so different? To what extent were they correct? Adam Smith and Karl Marx were considered to be amongst the best or if not the best economic theorists the world has ever seen.Despite seeming to be polar opposites, both Smith and Marx are fundamentally similar. Both are looking to see what makes the entire system run, and what the basis of economy truly is. They both have their flaws, yet they were both correct. Their idea was to formulate something that would run the basis of economy. Both have different ideas, both have different agendas. Marx a nd Smith had different thoughts and drawing different conclusion on how things should be run, and yet to a certain extent both of them are correct. Both men drew their ideas upon very different sources.Adam Smith was a youngster of the Enlightenment therefore he mustve drawn some Enlightenment ideas. In 1751 Adam Smith met Scottish philosopher David Hume, who was a major Enlightenment thinker. It is unhazardous to assume that Smith learned many things from Hume, who was ten years his senior. Some in any case argued that Smith came up with the idea to write Wealth of Nations on his own, with piffling or no influence of others. Marx, on the other hand, was greatly influenced by the ideas of others. Georg Hegels dialectics inspired Marx greatly.Generally, the idea was that conflict between two opposing forces would produce a synthesis which was generally more acceptable to both sides. Hegel saw this phenomenon in nature and everywhere, and it was the basis of class conflict in Marx s writings. Conflict would ultimately pick out to synthesis, in which mankind would progress. In a way Marx was as well as inspired by Smith himself, and possibly also by early socialists such as Saint-Simon. Not only were their ideologies differ, each drew different conclusions from their theorems too.In his book Wealth of Nations Smith proposed that a domains wealth should be judged by its gold and silver supply but by the total of its production and commerce (today more commonly known as GDP). He also explored the idea of variant of bear on, through which specialization would lead to an increase in quality for manufactured goods. Marx would argue that communism offered the best model both politically and economically with its socialistic ownership, production, and central planning, which are intended to pass out wealth equally amongst the populace and eliminate the distinctions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat altogether.He reasoned that workers would be exploi ted by capitalists (or bourgeoisie), for the capitalist system basically means that the rich would get richer and the poor would get poorer. Furthermore, the bourgeoisie is always in a better position to conduct a low wage for the proletariats. One of his theories, the labor theory of value, claims that the value of a good or service is directly connected to the amount of labor required for its production. So, in effect the two theories and conclusion were very different. The very difference in ideology is what set the two apart.While Adam Smith contended that the about ideal economic system is capitalism, Marx believed that capitalism leads to greed and inequality. Karl Marx is more of a revolutionary Adam Smith was more to reforms rather than a full-scale revolution, as he valued order and stability more rather than freedom from oppression. Karl Marx saw class struggle, while Adam Smith saw special interests that were very much at odds with the general public interest. Also, Sm ith did not put the spotlight on the land holdings or the riches of the aristocracy like Marx did.They also differed on the method of production of goods and services and distribution of resources. While Adam Smiths envisioned ideal society would not distribute resources equitably or eliminate gaping wealth levels between the different classes in a society, Marxs ideal economy would produce, according to the directives from a central authority, and distribute resources according to the needs of the public. However, despite the disagreements, both Smith and Marx were correct to a certain extent. In a totalr perspective, they both wanted a prosperous nation of wealth.They both also agreed that the workers (proletariats) were crucial for the production of goods. Both of them also recognized that there is a conflict, or at least a wide division, between the working and upper class. Adam Smith also realized that there are basic social classes land-owners, wage earners, and capitalists. Marx, to a certain extent, also accepted the condition where there are different classes, albeit trying to change the situation. Overall, both of them proposed ideas to change the economy to fit their liking, despite both economists going in a completely different direction altogether.

How to Write a Descriptive Essay

A lot of folks depict paradise as lying on some remote island overlooking a stunning sunset while feeling the sand between their toes. My conception may be somewhat polar than most throng. I can envision beaming music, and people as they frolic. Where the party never stops, it keeps going and going like the Energizer bunny. The scenery result be the most divine of anything on this earth, more so than overlooking the flawless, sugarcoated snow covering the Rocky Mountains.Oh, my, the aroma coming from that city- like freshly baseb all in all swing bouquets of flowers on a sunny spring day. Forget abtaboo having a foul taste because it will leave only an everlasting angelic flavour in your mouth. Paradise to me is cheerful music and people also, it has the most beautiful scenery one can only imagine. All the masses of people would cast down getting together holding hands in a circle with Jesus in the middle and start singing in a heavenly language. The city is filled with thunde rous sounds of every instrument one can imagine.Then, the angles pick up tambourines hitting them in rhythm along with the music, while people start dancing before the Lord. All of a sudden, Peter, Paul, Job, and all the great men and women of God lift up their hands and sing out with all of their capacity to Jehovah Jireh. A rainbow is prolonged across the land. It has the brightest colors of blue, yellow, pink, and orange. It is so beautiful the majestic colors make one want to reach out and touch it. A huge waterfall sets at the edge of New Jerusalem.The water is so clear one could see a speck of broadcast traveling down to the bottom. As the water surges down to the base, it makes a voyage around the frame of the city. I can picture blankets of flowers all over the send for it illuminates the whole location and adds gaiety. Oh, how breathtaking the aroma is over there. The fragrance is a mixture of jasmine, magnolia, and lilacs. The savoriness is a touch of sweetness, like get ting a meeting house off of the vine and putting it on your tongue for the first time.Or the elation a baby gets from consuming a chocolate bar, and savoring every minute of it. both(prenominal) would say paradise for them would be anywhere they view beautiful. But for me heaven is my paradise my future home. I can only imagine what the Lord has in store for me when I get to that great city. Until then I can only dream. But what I really want more than anything is to see Him and gratuity Him Lord of Lords and King of Kings. More importantly, my paradise would not be heaven without Him because He is the one that is truly paradise.

Nation of Islam Essay

Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska in 1925. He was born to a minister father that was a supporter of Black Nationalist Movement leader Marcus Garvey, which resulted in Malcolm experiencing discrimination and racial hatred from an archaeozoic age. His father was killed and his home burned when Malcolm was young, and Malcolm was jailed in his early twenties after several run-ins with the law following his fathers death. He conjugated the Nation of Islam in while in prison, and when he was paroled in 1952 he was named the national spokesman for the Nation of Islam.Malcolm X was an outspoken, articulate, charismatic man that used television, radio, and each separate form of media available to convey the Nations message. He preached for militant stance in the black community and for equal rights for African Americans, by any(prenominal) means necessary. This unwavering stance and militant attitude made some see Malcolm as a threat and he was followed under FBI care until he was assassinated in 1965. He used his charisma and his steadfast beliefs to make the message of the Nation of Islam well known in America and to ferment the issue of African American rights to the forefront of American consciousness.His mission later transformed from fighting for African American rights to fighting for equal human rights for every race, and he enforced the same militant stance with his new message. Mahatma Gandhi was a human rights leader like Malcolm X but he delivered his message in a very different way. Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, he was given the name Mahatma because it means, great soul. He was born in British-ruled India and practiced law in South Africa which was also ruled by Britain. While in South Africa he began a twenty-year campaign for Indian freedom.Instead of Xs militant, rooted(predicate) approach, Gandhi practiced and taught the principles of non-violent resistance. He believed it was more honourable to be jailed for ones cause tha n to create violence. He also practiced fasting as a way of conveying his message of peace and non-violence. He returned to India after twenty years and became the leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement. After India was declared freelance in 1947, it was divided into India and Pakistan and the two countries rioted against one another. Gandhi began a fast to encourage the leaders to stop fighting.After he fasted for five days, the fighting stopped and the countries were at peace until Gandhi was assassinated shortly after. Until his death, Gandhi epitomized his message to, Be the change you want to see in the world. He saw no value in violence, and thought that the message of non-violence as a way of protest could bring tolerance, peace and unity more effectively than any violent act could. scorn the change in his place of residence and the political climate of his country he stayed true to his message of peace and unity.

Btc Pipeline: Turkish Delight or Russian Roulette?

INTRODUCTION Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) production line is an oil pipeline that transports crude oil Caspian Sea to the Turkish coast, over three countries. BTC Company is a joint venture company responsible for the construction and operation of the whole $4bn pipeline, led by BP as majority shareholder. Spread across Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey largest cross-b couch infrastructure construction project in the instauration dubbed the contract of the century. Financing was agreed after over two years of appraisal of the electric potential environmental and hearty impacts relating to the project.An underlying strategy is to reduce dependency on OPEC oil producers in the stung Middle East and to avoid Russia seen by America as a resurgent superpower. Aside from verificatory benefits Georgia and Turkey gain financial benefits through transit fees and Azerbaijan through the royalties and tax tax revenues, However, BTC co. encountered several social and environmental figures durin g the construction of the 1768km pipeline. Limited routing options meant encountering geo-hazard risks, potential harm and flounce of communities and natural habitat, temporary land acquisition, revenue management and a volatile political environment.Thus this project received intense scrutiny by stakeholders and closet for its lack in humility and effectiveness in resolving political, social, growingal and security concerns. THE OBJECTIVE/GOALS Stakeholder map. A visual mapping of parties that affect or about affected by an organization, strategy and in this fount a project. Helps us identify the expectations and power of different stakeholders, this understand what ethical issues dilemmas are to be unsounded and resolved. METHOD / FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS We have chosen a normative approach (what should be done) for our outline as opposed to a descriptive approach (how it is done).Generate solutions that enforce behaviorally standards as we already have expand evidence showi ng how it is done. Moral absolutism will be used by clearing stating what is proper(a) and wrong which be rationally determined in order to come up with a common applicable solution. This helps us come up with an objective stand-point on the subject. There will be interrogatory of traditional ethical theories such as consequentialist and non-consequentialist approaches and stakeholder theories and new age concepts namely, corporate citizenship to help us absolve our absolute perspective in solving the ethical dilemmas.THE MAIN ISSUES AND DILEMMAS BP FACE IN THIS CASE semipolitical instability Pipeline Security Human Right Abuses Corruption Poor governance High expectations from local anaesthetic community Environmental Risks and Risk Assessment Intense scrutiny by pressure groups and media Land encyclopedism and Land Compensation HOW WOULD YOU EVALUATE BPS APPROACH TO SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT FOR THE LOCAL residential area? BP set up a Region al Sustainability Development program (RSDP) to proactively address issues. Social 1) Community enthronement Program ($20m addressed to social issues)-in Azerbaijan set with largely international groups-in Turkey with local Turkish organizationswith universities and semiprivate consultants firmsBP set up a monitoring and complaints procedure Economical 1) Regional Development Initiative ($25m intentional to accompany over 10yrs after opening) 2) Set up of local coordinators and in consultation with local community. ) cogitate was improvement of local infrastructure in road and civil construction 4) Projects aimed at agriculture and acquirement development Environmental 1) Environmental Investment Program (to ecological issues) CEO Lord Browne institute a Caspian Development Advisory Panel, which provided recommendations such as assembly of an external body to conduct weekly reviews.ASSESS THE APPROACH FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF UTILIARIANISM AND DEONTOLOGY? According to utilitari anism,an action is morally right if it results in the greatest fall of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action Based on address? benefit analysis Rule utilitarianism * looks at classes of action and ask whether the underlying principles of an action produce more pleasure than pain for society in the long runStakeholder Cost Benefit BP and BTC & co * $25m +$20m programs * Opportunity toll * Failure of local actors * Subjected to a corrupt environment * Misuse of revenue * Complaints from locals * Good Reputation * fate society * Compliance Financiers % of investments go to CSR * Mitigation of social development risks that would result to additional costs Communities below the belt treatmentHuman right abusesIssue of compensationLocal political divisions- 1 blood feud * Financial investment in society and development projects * Structure in place for communication * First commercial strawberry farm Government foreign involvement of governance * Investment for national development * Availability of resources Pressure Groups Alleged TortureHuman rights abuses * Raised awareness of internal politics Employees and Contractors Un modal(a) treatment * Job Opportunities * Economic support Environment Destruction and disturbance of the environment * Structure of a program to address issues Agencies and NGOs Lack of credibility exoteric scrutiny * Displayed support from BP * Increased involvement Work from a German philosopher Immanuel Kant who development a hypothetic framework called categorical imperative. This meant that this framework applied to every moral issue regardless of who is involved. It is make out of three maxims which are 1) Consistency throughout any situation ) Treat humanity unendingly as an end and never as a means. 3) Universally acceptable These two theories introduce the issue of subjectivity due to intellectual scrutiny. ASSESSMENT FROM RIGHTS AND JUSTICE. HOW DOES IT DIFFER? Rights and justice is based on a con sensus about nature of human dignity. It is objective in that it conceptualized on natural rights that certain basic, important, unalienable entitlements that should be respected and protected in every single action. In addition Ethics of justices means fair procedures and fair outcomes. A violation of these rights means the approach is seen as unethical. BPs poor social and environmental assessment led to a display of lack of humility.SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR MNC OPERATING IN ENVIRONMENTS OF CORRUPTION AND unequal GOVERNANCE. How far should BP made be responsible? Arguments against The corporation should solely be accountable to its shareholders in order to protect investments. In support of this argument, Milton Friedman published an article titled, The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. Stating totally humans have moral responsibilities, managers should act in interests of its shareholders and social issues and problems are for governments to ha ndle. Another perspective is that of Archie Carrolls four-part model of CSR. Stating that CSR can be met by going through each level consecutively. Arguments forCSR seems to be wide accepted because of enlightened self-interests. However, corporations are now perceived assume a social actors, not whole because of legislation but companies rely on the contribution of other parties. It now exists in a society. Thus, the origination of corporate citizenship, in which the company acknowledges an extended political role. Obtaining citizenship means entitlement of civil, social and political rights which are inclined to responsibilities. Social rights (i. e. freedom to go into in society) BP provider / ignorer Civil rights (i. e. freedom from abuses) BP disabler/ enabler Political righs (i. e. right to participate in process of governance) BP chanelling / blockingTransparency International Corruption Perception Index Year Turkey Azerbaijan Georgia 2002 64 95 85 2003 77 124 124 2006 60 130 99 It can be argued that BP has fuelled the level of putrescence as seen in the figures above. Therefore have to commit them to solving this social problem. What is the appropriate way for BP to react to its on-going criticism? Virtue morality Transparency Expose finding Protection Acts Auditing Body Discourse ethics Dialogue and Stakeholder Engagement Effective Complaint Procedure eg. Response period Right to Information Systems in Place Land Ownership options Introduce this all over Azerbaijan not only Baku

Plan for the Development of Future Situations Requiring Leadership Essay

This assignment is to harvest-festival a strategical lead ontogenesis plan. in that respect overwhelms to report the CEO regarding the review the strategic precaution and leading of the brass. In oc present-day(prenominal) situation, Myanmar is in the transition period in some(prenominal) political and scotch surface. The treaty of ASEAN free trade bea which will start impacting Myanmar from 2015 is a ch in alone(a)enge for Myanmar SMEs. As publicplace consequences of change, while some will benefits from it, some will face primed(p)backs. As the current musical arrangement is angiotensin converting enzyme of the SMEs in Myanmar, change prudence which is adaptable for the situation of Myanmar has to be made. Moreover the geological formation has to prep atomic number 18 for the changes and for adapting somatic and up to date management system.Organization Profile KKK is a manufacturer of authentic Myanmar handed-d make solid foods including conglomerate kin ds of pre-packed ready-made ingredients for traditional curry. Their products are positioned at the high end of the market in terms of both tonus and price. Head office of KKK is situated in 78th Street, Mandalay. Manufacturing Plant is situated in Chan Aye Tar dit Industrial zone. The Plant is operating with about 400 employees from top to bottom line operation. KKK has been in clientele now for five years and has heightenn in popularity. What was once a business targeting solely the Myanmar traditional Food community has grown into a business that has far broader appeal.KKK has several objectives that they will chance on to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food manufacturing within the next three years. The premiere is an ontogeny in sales reaching five constant of gravitation Lakhs byYearly from local market. KKK excessively would alike(p) to achieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK similarly hopes to run through 20 dissimilar outlets that will distrib ute their product. Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives in the end the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area.Task-11.1Explaining the link amidst strategic management and leadersStrategic managementStrategic Management is all about identification and description of the strategies that managers back tooth carry so as to achieve better performance and a competitive advantage for their organization. An organization is said to have competitive advantage if its profit expertness is higher than the average profitability for all companies in its industry. Strategic management is a continuous process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which an organization is involved evaluatesits competitors and denounces goals and strategies to sports meeting all existing and potential competitors and then reevaluates strategies on a regular basis to determine how it has been employ and whether it was successful or does it fates replacement. (www.managementstudyguide.com, Strategic management) leadThe ability of a comp each(prenominal)s management to make sound decisions and inspire other(a)s to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to arrogate swift and decisive action even in difficult situations, to transcend their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure. Strong communicating skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change in any case characterize good leading. ( www.investopedia.com, terms leadership) A simple explanation of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal.( www.sbinfo johnada.about.com,leadership)The link between strategic management and leadershipStrategic decisions are crucial for the festering and deve lopment of any organizastion and vary correspond to divergent management and different leadership styles. The change is the attain out of leadership and strategic decisions means decisions leading to substantial changes in management processes. Hence, Strategic Management and leaders are closely related or in other words, inseparable. In fact, the terms leadership and strategic management are interchangeable because a leader performs divulge function like initiating, planning, supporting, controlling, evaluating, etc. Their other responsibilities include building, developing maintaining a group and achieving a common goal by keeping the soul member of the police squad motivated. As strategic leaders, top aim managers must guide the firm in a focusings that result in formation of strategic intent and strategic mission. This guidance may lead to goals that stretch everyone in the organization to improve their performance.Griffin,R.W.1999 Strategic management is a process of set up technological, financial, material and human resources of an organization for enabling it and its stakeholders in achieving stipulated target efficiently and effectively.Strategicmanagement is a wide term in comparison to leadership as far as scopes are bear on because leadership is mainly limited to organizing, directing and supporting mortals or the human resource in crop to achieve the stipulated goal whereas strategic management refers to all resources within an organization. Strategic leadership plays key government agency in responding to the challenges which businesses have to face due to rapid changes in engine room, growing competition and globalization. (www.mbadissertations.blogspot.com, link between strategic management) Strategic objectives of KKK is to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food industry within the next three years. The first is an increase in sales reaching five thousand Lakhs by Yearly from local market. KKK also would like to ach ieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK also hopes to have 20 different outlets that will distribute their product.Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives lastly the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area. To achieve the strategic goal of the organization, there are should be ways for leaders effort to get the objectives. Leaders must do to be strategic management. First of all, analysis upon current and prospective situation has to be made. In analysing current situation, swot up analysis, PEST analysis techniques cease be use. Current situation of Myanmar is lots of challenges. But very near in future, due to the AFTA of ASEAN business from all over the world enter Myanmar and SMEs in Myanmar have to deal with business form ASEAN countries. Our business, traditional food manufacturing and distribution industry has already got more competitive adva ntage than other industries because the business is rootage upon traditional food.Leaders of KKK food manufacturing company has to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats for the current and situation of Myanmar and foreign market and have to analyze political, economic, social and technological analysis along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization to meet the strategic objectives. In fashioning analysis the current system and infrastructure of KKK food manufacturing has to be considered. More employees re impact to be trained and more materials have to be take ond. To open branch offices, communication and cooperation with authorities has to be made. The leaders has to considered whether the raw materials can supply thedemand of the market and transportation learn can be supply the raw in cartridge holder or not.The leader has to consider the competitors strategy in current market. And then decision is the second im portant matter. In manufacturing, the advanced machine like packing machine, mixing machine and powering machines must be mounted to be more productive. And strategic deceive floor management for human resources must be implemented. In Pricing and branding strategies, differentiate with inexpensive strategy is suitable for local market. Focus for only traditional strategy is also adequate. Moreover leaders are required to allocate the necessary resources and to design the organization to intended strategy to reality. The leader of KKK food manufacturing should attempt to get the objectives by the following ways in the diagram.Product plan/development commercialize analysisDistributionSupply chainInfrastructureManufacturingRaw materialsbrandingPromotionLead genesisChannel salesDirect sales guest serviceWarranty supportPricingCustomer retention.1.2 Analyzing the impact of leadership styles and management on strategic decisions in that location are five main types of leadership styl es like Autocratic, Bureaucratic, charismatic, Democratic, Laissez- faire, etc. (Richard L.H. and Katherine C. B. 2005) 1. Autocratic leadership style when the leaders use absolute powers in making decisions. This is more prevalent in military and Adolf Hitler is a good example of it. In collective world, united Aviation Services (Dubai) is known for autocratic leadership. 2. Bureaucratic leadership when the leader follows the strict theories of leadership delimitate in books. This style is followed where sentry go measures are prominent specially working on machines. 3. Charismatic leadership When the pursuit are highly inspired by the leader and believe blindly in their leader. Mahatma Gandhi was a Charismatic leader. 4. Democratic leadership When team members are included in decision making by the leader. This helps in building team spirit and motivating all by increasing trust, skill and confidence.5. individuality leadership When the leader leaves the team members to take decisions n their own and monitors them. This is applicable with efficient and capable teams. ( D.D.Warrick journal of Experiential learning and simulation 1981 ) The culture of KKK Company is manufacturing and distribution. Currently, some of the functions in the firm exercises bureaucratic leadership style. In day to day manufacturing operation, distribution and office work practices Bureaucratic lead Style. This style depend to be effective because employees are execute wont tasks over and over. Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. They are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. In manufacturing area, safety or security raising is being conducted.Employees are performing tasks that require handling money. In all day to day operation of KKK food manufacturing, bureaucratic leadership style is currently exercises. The consequence of the current leadership style of KKK is that the organizat ion suffers from let up development to get to the objectives of the organization. In making strategic decisions in manufacturing team the employees felt frustrated and increase turnover rate and absenteeism. In office work and relations work, the style effects the occurring of theloop whole. The employees feel boring in working environment and also is ache from increasing turnover rate. So excising bureaucratic style purely in the whole organizing occur slow development to reach the goal.1.3 Evaluating how leadership styles can be adapted to different situationsLeadership styles adapted to different situations. It is evident from the various scenario of the given that different leadership styles are required to be adapted in different situation.Autocratic Leadership StyleThis leadership style has been greatly criticized during the past 30 years. It is the most effective style in the following situations New, untrained employees who do not know which tasks to perform or which proc edures follow Effective supervision can be provided only through detailed rolls and instructions There are high-volume production needs on a daily basis There is limited time in which to make a decisionFor example, Militaries of the countries, and training sections of the firm follow autocratic leadership styles. For the organization of KKK manufacturing, this style should be followed in training section under the HR division so that the refreshing assigned employees can understand the procedures and can apply in their day to day operation exactly. By applying autocratic in training section, mistakes and risks occurred by newly assigned employees can be reduced in mass manufacturing environment.Bureaucratic Leadership StyleThis style can be effective when* Employees are performing routine tasks over and over.* Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures.* Employees are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to o perate.* Safety or security training is being conducted.* Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash.For example, audit firms, and engineering firms, mass production factories are applied the bureaucratic leadership style. For KKK food manufacturing, the bureaucratic leadership style is adapted in production firms so that the routine jobs can be efficient and effective. Operators must follow the production procedure and standards. Employees in production department must handle dangerous equipments like packing, blending, cutting machines and delicate materials like food which must need to be hygiene.Democratic Leadership StyleDemocratic leadership is suitable for the situation of high quality and high quantity work for long periods of time. Many employees like the trust they receive and respond with cooperation, team spirit, and high morale. For example, arts entrainment firms like broadcasting TV and radio channels, firms based on advanced technology like Apple and Microsoft apply he democratic leadership style. For KKK food manufacturing, democratic style leadership style is adequate in office work and long term strategy. In top level management strategic decision making, the style is steal.Laissez-Faire Leadership StyleThe leadership style is appropriate under the situation of * Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and meliorate. * Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. * Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used * Employees are trustworthy and experienced.For example, industries like hotel and hospitality, dealing with experienced vendors, dealing with audit firms and legal consultant firms need to be practiced the leadership style. For our organization, KKK, we must deal with vendors like Unilever food solution for the purpose of training the employees and promoting the manufacturing procedure in line with international food manufacturing procedures. In de aling with outside experts, staff specialists and consultants the laissez-fair leadership style is effective.Task22.1reviewing the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organizational strategyLeadershipLeadership is a process of giving purpose to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. (Jacobs and Jaques , 1990, pg 281) Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. (House et al, 1999, pg 184) Every leaders attempt to achieve organizational objectives through other people ( their subordinates) on their own ways. Famous examples of charismatic or autocratic leaders are Winston Churchill, Bill Clinton, Mother Teresa and Adolph Hitler. They used their dictum in highly behavior and by structured set of reward and management. A famous example of bureaucratic leader is capital of Minnesota Tetu Sr. and Paul Te tu Jr. motor bike production in America.The leaders enforce their subordinates to rule. Carlos Ghosn (born 9 March 1954) President and chief executives officer of Renault, France and CEO of Nissaan, Japan, has the style of democratic leadership. He always empowers his employees to take decision. He provided his employees challenges to perform better at the same time made them realized that he trusted them and their capabilities. Another famous leader who applied the Laissez-fair style is Mahatma Gandhi, National leader of India.All authority or power given to the people and they determine goals make the decisions, and resolve problems on their own. So, many leaders apply different leadership strategy through their people on their own way according to the situations. There are several theories of management and leadership on organizational strategy like bang-up Man theories, Trait theories, Behaviorist guess, Situational leadership, Contingency theory, Transactional Theory, transfo rmational theory, etc. Different organizations are influenced by different theories of management and leadership. thaumaturgy Adairs Action Centred Leadership (Greatman Theory) semen www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management DevelopmentTaskLeadership actions to achieve the Task include* Defining the task and keeping it clear* Clarifying fit of the task to the more global vision and mission* Identifying resources and developing options* Establishing priorities, time frames, and specific plans of action* Establishing systems for communication* Implementing plans and responding positively to change* Assessing progress and considering contingencies on an ongoing basis aggroupLeadership actions to Build and Maintain the Team include* Involving team members to generate alignment* Soliciting ideas and building on them* Establishing roles* Optimizing the exchange of information* Monitoring the teams process and dynamics* Resolving conflict* Recognizing team successesIndividualLeaders hip actions to Empower Individuals include* Encouraging varying viewpoints* Harvesting ideas* Allocating responsibilities to capitalize on individual strengths and develop individuals* Listening* Facilitating and giving feedback* delegating when it can be effective* Counseling and encouraging individuals(www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management Development)Three Dimensions TheoryThere are three dimensions to effective leadership, each of which is within the control of the individual leader, and each of which can be developed through appropriate support and guidance. Effective leadership is about developing your ability in each of the three dimensions and then choosing to apply your skills and abilities in a balanced, three-dimensional way.Source (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI three-d Leadership the balanced approach)Each dimension is of equal splendor, which means that leaders who have development needs in one or more of the dimensions, will display behav iours that indicate an opportunity for improvement. plainly developing an already strong dimension will not work a strength overplayed can become a weakness.ValuesThe first dimension of leadership is that of values. These are the internal thoughts that influence the way a leader views the world around them. Some values are deeply embedded in our moral framework. For example, they guide us in the difference between right and wrong, good or bad. genuine as we progress through childhood, are increasingly challenging to change or modify, as we grow older.EffectivenessIn order to lead people effectively, the individual leader must first be able to self-manage. This means that they must be personally effective in performing key tasks. condemnation management (or rather, effective use of time), is a prime example. Leaders who fail to identify and manage their own priorities are un liable(predicate) to help team members do any better. Worse still, they may feel peril by a team member wh o is more accomplished in this basic management skill than they are.InfluenceIt is important to note that truly influential leaders are not necessarily those who are seeking the popular vote. Leaders who use their personal charisma, or popularity, to motivate and influence, whilst neglecting to develop their values or effectiveness dimensions, need to beware of the following, How the mighty fall when the popular vote disappears Charm may work for a while, but real credibility and respect are based upon the ability to deliver results in all areas. (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI Three-Dimensional Leadership the balanced approach)Transformational TheoryTransformational leadership theory is all about leadership that becomes positive change in the followers whereby they take care of each others interests and act in the interests of the group as a whole. James MacGregor Burns first brought the fancy of transformational leadership to prominence in his extensive researc h into leadership. The four components of the transformational leadership style are (1) Charisma or idealized influence the degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways and displays convictions and takes stands that cause followers to identify with the leader who has a clear set of values and acts as a role case for the followers. (2) Inspirational motivation the degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appeals to and inspires the followers with optimism about future goals, and offers meaning for the current tasks in hand.(3) Intellectual stimulation the degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, stimulates and encourages creativity in the followers by providing a framework for followers to see how they connect to the leader, the organization, each other, and the goal they can creatively overcome any obstacles in the way of the mission. (4) Personal and individual attention the degree to which the leader attends to each individual followers need s and acts as a mentor or coach and gives respect to and appreciation of the individuals contribution to the team. This fulfills and enhances each individual team members need for self-fulfillment, and self-worth and in so doing inspires followers to foster achievement and growth. (www.ezinearticles.com, Stephen Warrilow Transformational Leadership Theory The 4 Key Components in Leading Change & Managing Change)Source Model of Transformational Leadership, www.managementstudyguide.com For the selected organization KKK transformational leadership theory,2.2Creating a leadership strategy that supports organizational direction Transformational theory has frequently in common. The theory focuses on attempting to explain how leaders can accomplish extraordinary things against the odds, such as turning around a falling company, founding a successful company. The theories also emphasize the importance of leaders inspiring subordinates admiration, dedication, and unquestioned loyaltythro ugh articulating a clear and compelling vision. Utilizing the theory can be the positive impact on our organization needs restructuring and reengineering in leadership and management. Transforming to corporate culture must be implemented.If possible mergers, acquisition, joint ventures have to be established. The above three theories, John Adairs theory, 3D theory and transformational leadership must be adequately mixed and applied in our organization. Through employees, utilizing appropriate leadership style in different sections, individuals engages with each other and is able to create a connection that result in increased motivation and morality in both followers and leaders. Leaders can also initiate, develop, and implement important changes in a confidence, extroversion, and understand the value of the organization. Our ever-changing strategy is to meet the requirement of the time of AFTA (2015) and can get competitive advantage in food manufacturing industry via traditional f ood.ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)AFTA is a free trade zone in Southeast Asia where member countries include Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Brunei. The AFTA agreement supports the effort to relax trade barriers amongst member countries in order to achieve direct trade benefits.The purpose of a SWOT analysis of the manufacturing industry is to identify the key factors that affect the success of the industry. The four factors considered a part of a SWOT analysis are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis estimates the risks for a particular industry.1. Strengths* The strengths of the manufacturing industry are that it is relatively stable. Although the demand for manufacturing tends to fluctuate with the ups and downs of the economy, it is characterized by regular periods of recovery following any downturns. Moreover, manufacturing has become highly efficient over the last century, with the ability t o maximize both the productivity of the workers and machines to maximize profits.Weaknesses* A weakness of the manufacturing industry is that much of it is built on the production of non-essential goods. This means that a severe downturn in the economy can have a crippling effect on it. Another weakness is that it is a mature industry. This means that there is effectual competition and little room for growth. As a result, the manufacturing industry can be a cash cow for those who are already in it but may be unattractive to new entrants.* Sponsored cerebrate* Software MetricsMeasure your IT for a competitive advantage. Learn more.davidconsultinggroup.com/MetricsOpportunities* Opportunities in the manufacturing industry are in the technology and bio-technology areas. These are growing market segments with higher profit margins. Additionally, they are knowl beach-dependent market segments that require highly specialized workers, which makes it difficult for low wage countries to com pete in this market segment, thereby providing an edge to more industrialized countries. Foreign markets with a growing middle class are providing opportunities for technology and bio-technology manufacturers to increase their profitability through exports.Threats* The largest threats to the manufacturing industry in developed nations are from low wage countries. The low recompense of these countries have made it impossible for many businesses in developed nations to compete, requiring them to either close or move overseas to find cheap labor. Increasingly, India is an even bigger threat to the manufacturing industry, with its ability to supply highly educated workers at low wages to fill roles in the high-tech manufacturing market segment.Read more SWOT Analysis of Manufacturing Industry eHow.com http//www.ehow.com/about_6767951_swot-analysis-manufacturing-industry.htmlixzz2HdkmsvMX1. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and ThreatsSTRENGTHS Some expenditure on food is essential for everyone and is considered an established part of the house budget. Many food products are deemed necessities and are unlikely to be harshly affected by any economic downturn. It is discretionary spending that is usually badly hit in a recession, which is, therefore, more likely to harm sales of luxury foods. The UK has a well-established supply structure, in terms of both its production base for meat, dairy products, fresh and processed vegetables, bakery products and fish, in particular and its network of retail outlets mainly in the form of major multiples. Following a period of extensive rationalisation and restructuring, the UK food industry can now benefit from more focused businesses and generally more efficient supply chains. The food-processing sector has also benefited from consolidation, which has created more vertically integrated companies and more economies of scale. Consumer demands for convenience have served to increase the opportunities for foodretailin g, which are no longish confined to the traditional food outlets or to daylight hours. As well as minimising missed opportunities, it also enables the industry to capitalise on impulse purchasing. In such a mature industry, the competitive imperativeness on suppliers ensures a high degree of product innovation.WEAKNESSES Few brands enjoy high levels of consumer loyalty and in certain sectors, such as cereals, bread and yoghurt, it is particularly limited. As a result, product switching and the growth of own labels are harming sales of some brands. The buying power of the large supermarket chains, and their demand for lower-priced supplies, has put push pressures on food-industry margins especially on producers operating in commodity sectors, such as milk. (It is possible that future EU legislation will prevent the sale of goods below cost price and will set a 2.